Multiple Sclerosis (or MS) is an autoimmune disease that causes the immune system to attack the protective sheath (called myelin) that surrounds nerve fibers in the central nervous system (CNS). When the myelin is damaged, the electrical impulses that facilitate communication between the brain, spinal cord, and other body parts are disrupted, causing increasingly debilitating symptoms. Some common causes of MS include genetics, smoking, diet, environment, and stress. Here are some telltale signs of MS:
1. Vision problems
One of the early signs of MS is recurring bouts of double vision, blurred vision, or foggy vision. While it’s possible that a superficial eye infection is causing these vision issues, it’s also possible that the cause is MS. Some other common vision problems that may be a sign of MS include having trouble reading, driving at night, or finding the right clothing color. If eyesight problems come on suddenly and don’t go away when you rest, they might be a sign of MS. If left untreated, eyesight issues from MS can worsen over time and lead to permanent vision loss.
2. Numbness and spasms
Numbness or tingling in one hand or foot that doesn’t go away when you move is a sign that something might be wrong. While this could indicate a pinched nerve or a different medical condition, it could also be an early symptom of MS. You should visit a doctor if you experience painful spasms in one hand or foot—even if it isn’t MS, it could still be a serious issue.
3. Balance issues
Lesions can develop in the brain where the myelin surrounding nerve fibers is damaged or destroyed. This may cause difficulty with balance or lead to dizziness when standing. Damage from MS may also lead to difficulty with navigating stairs, engaging in sports, or driving.
4. Bladder issues
If you’re experiencing problems with your bladder, you may be dealing with a urinary tract infection (UTI). However, bladder problems could also signify MS. MS symptoms associated with bladder issues may include difficulty urinating (or urinating infrequently), experiencing a burning sensation during urination, or an inability to urinate. Some people with MS experience difficulty urinating because of bladder spasms. Others experience difficulty urinating because their bladder has prolapsed, which means that the bladder has fallen out of its normal position.
5. Cognitive problems
Cognitive problems are mental changes that may occur as a result of MS. These issues can affect your thinking, attention, organizing skills, concentration, and memory. Many MS patients also report having difficulties following instructions, completing tasks, and remembering where they put personal items. Cognitive issues in the brain are commonly caused by lesions that develop in the brain, disrupting everyday communication between the brain and other parts of the CNS.
These early warning signs of MS can make it easier to catch the condition before it progresses; early diagnosis and treatment can reduce the potential for lasting damage and long-term complications. Unfortunately, there is no known cure for MS. However, many people with MS can lead a healthy and fulfilling life with the proper treatment.
